Glossary

The first italian list of terms

The table here below show you how could be the aspect of every entry

Arch(Arcata): curve structure between the bridge abutments (spalle)
Alarm level (Livello di allarme): Water level (stage) at, or approaching, flood level which is considered to be dangerous and at which warnings should be commenced.
Anchoring (ancoraggio): the attachment or insetting of a channel structure into the bed or the bank of a stream
Annual flood (Piena annuale):
(1) Highest peak discharge in a water year.
(2) Flood which has been equalled or exceeded once each year on average
Barrage (Sbarramento): Barrier across a stream provided with a series of gates or other control mechanisms to control the water-surface level upstream, to regulate the flow or to divert water supplies into a canal
Bankfull stage (stadio di massima): Stage at which a stream just overflows its natural banks.
Base Flow (Deflusso di Base): Part of the discharge which enters a stream channel mainly from groundwater, but also from lakes and glaciers during long periods when no precipitation or snowmelt occurs
Berm (Berma): little bank made in wood and earth to defend points exposed to corrosion.
Bridge: masonry work, built transversally to a watercourse, that could be cross by a street or a railway
Catchment physiographic: land area defined by mountains or hills which surround a watercourse
Cavitations (Cavitazione): formation of gas ad fume bubbles in a stream.
Channel bridge (Ponte canale): Bridge that could be cross by a channel instead of a street.
Confined groundwater (Falda artesiana): underground waters that are the layers of the ground.
Current carrying capacity (portata): volume of water that cross a section of the course.
Dam (Chiusa): (manual or electrical) barrage dyke to keep the water.
Depth-area curve (curva intensità-superficie di una precipitazione) : Curve showing the relationship between average rainfall depth and the area over which it occurs for a given storm duration
Dewatering (aggottamento): exsiccation or reduction of the waters that are in a excavation Discharge (Deflusso): indication of the variation of the watercourse flow in order to give an artificial basin or in order to take care of the seaport.
Drainage(Drenaggio): Removing of water from the soil or from an enclosure.
Dyke (Diga): barrage masonry structure of a watercourse to create an artificial basin or to shelter the seaports.
Embankment (argine): a long artificial mound of stone or earth, built to hold back water
Embanking (Arginatura): hidraulical work used to control the watercourse and to avoid the overflows
Erosion (erosione): Wearing away of the deposits from the surface of the soil caused by atmospherical events
Flood (Piena):
(1) Rise, usually brief, in the water level in a stream to a peak from which the water level recedes at a slower rate.
(2) Relatively high flow as measured by stage height or discharge.
(3) Rising tide.
Flood plain (golena): The area of land adjacent to and formed by a stream that is covered by water in times of flood.
Forecast (Previsione): Definite statement or statistical estimate of the occurrence of a future event
Flood Forecasting (Previsione di piena): Estimation of stage, discharge, time of occurrence, and duration of a flood, especially of peak discharge, at a specified point on a stream, resulting from precipitation and/or snowmelt
Flood routing (Propagazione dell’onda di piena): Technique used to compute the movement and change of shape of a flood wave moving through a river reach or a reservoir.
Groundwater (Falda Acquifera): Subsurface water occupying the saturated zone.
Groundwater basin (Bacino idrogeologico): Physiographic unit containing one large or several connected or interrelated aquifers, whose waters are flowing to a common outlet, and which is delimited by a groundwater divide
Hydrostatic pressure (pressione idrostatica): pressure which is exert on the fluids in a quietness condition.
Hydrostatic pressure centre (Centro di pressione idrostatica): point of application of a thrust of the waters.
Hydrometer (idrometro): water level indicator
Hydrometric paddle-wheel (molinello idrometrico): machine to measure the current velocity
Hydrometrical Height (Altezza idrometrica): height of the water
Infill (paradoro): temporary infill of a leakage in the embankment.
Intensity-duration curve (curva di intensità - durata):Curve showing the relationship between average rainfall depth or intensity in a given area and the storm duration.
Landslide (Frana): limited steep of the ground caused by skidding, disintegration, landfall, erosion …..
Loading Height (altezza di carico) : height in correspondence to the pressure
Lode (Filone): part of flow which has the maximum velocity.
Loss of head (Perdita di carico): reduction of the watercourse loading, caused by the direction and velocity change.
Low level: conditions of a watercourse during the minimum flow.
Key of the bridge (chiave del ponte): central part of the vaults and of the arches
Massimun possible flood (piena di massima possibile): Greatest flood to be expected, assuming complete coincidence of all factors that would produce the heaviest rainfall and maximum runoff.
Massimun probable flood (Piena di massima probabile): Greatest flood that may be expected, taking into account all pertinent factors of location, meteorology, hydrology and terrain.
Monitoring (Monitoraggio): Continuous or frequent standardised measurement and observation of the environment, often used for warning and control.
Natural flow (Morbida): state of the watercourse of intermediate capacity between low level and flood level.
Outflows (Eflusso): Flow of water out of a stream, lake, reservoir, container, basin, aquifer system, etc.
Pier (piedritto): vertical carrying element.
Plinth (Plinto): lower part of the base of a column or of a pillar.
Pump (Pompa): a mechanical device for causing flow,for raising or lifting water or other fluids
Pumping Test (Prova di pompaggio – Prova di falda): Pumping of water from a well at one or more selected discharge rates, during which piezometric levels are measured regularly at the pumped well and at nearby observation wells. The data are used for determining the aquifer parameters in the vicinity of the pumped well
Ramp (passerella): small pedestrian bridge
Risk (Rischio):
(1) Potential realization of unwanted consequences of an event, a function of the probability and the value of the consequence.
(2) Also sometimes used as the probability of occurrence of an event of a given or greater magnitude within a specified period of time
River bed (alveo): space between the riverbanks in which the waters of a watercourse flow
River hydrograph (Scala di deflusso): a graph showing the stage,discharge,velocity,or some other features of water,with respect to time
Shrinkage (contrazione) : unexpected diminution of the section of a watercourse caused by a reduction of the channel (duct)
Small Outflow (fontanazzo): Stretches affected by water leakage in the external basis of the banks, with consequent flooding of the surrounding zone.
Small Bridge (ponticello): bridge with a light lower than 10 m.
Span (Campata): distance between the supports of one structure
Underflow (Flusso di subalveo): Movement of water through a pervious stratum under the bed of a river.
Warning lead time (tempo di allerta):Interval of time between the issuing of a forecast (warning) and the expected occurrence of the forecast element
Waterproofing (Idrofugo): Waterproof material used to cut off the humidity from the masonries.
Water scooping machine: machine used to the water lifting.
Wire mesh cage (Gabbione): metallic net box, filled with stones, that is used to make works in order to defend watercourses.
Trash rack (Gabbia): reticular element to separate parts of materials with different dimensions.

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